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LocalStack - A fully functional local AWS cloud stack

!LocalStack

Please note: The main version of this repository is [*] please raise PRs against that repo.**

LocalStack provides an easy-to-use test/mocking framework for developing Cloud applications.

Currently, the focus is primarily on supporting the AWS cloud stack.

LocalStack spins up the following core Cloud APIs on your local machine:

• API Gateway at http://localhost:4567
• Kinesis at http://localhost:4568
• DynamoDB at http://localhost:4569
• DynamoDB Streams at http://localhost:4570
• Elasticsearch at http://localhost:4571
• S3 at http://localhost:4572
• Firehose at http://localhost:4573
• Lambda at http://localhost:4574
• SNS at http://localhost:4575
• SQS at http://localhost:4576
• Redshift at http://localhost:4577
• ES (Elasticsearch Service) at http://localhost:4578
• SES at http://localhost:4579
• Route53 at http://localhost:4580
• CloudFormation at http://localhost:4581
• CloudWatch at http://localhost:4582

Additionally, LocalStack provides a powerful set of tools to interact with the cloud services, including a fully featured KCL Kinesis client with Python binding, simple setup/teardown integration for nosetests, as well as an Environment abstraction that allows to easily switch between local and remote Cloud execution.

Why LocalStack?

LocalStack builds on existing best-of-breed mocking/testing tools, most notably kinesalite/dynalite and moto. While these tools are awesome (!), they lack functionality for certain use cases. LocalStack combines the tools, makes them interoperable, and adds important missing functionality on top of them:

• Error injection: LocalStack allows to inject errors frequently occurring in real Cloud environments, for instance ProvisionedThroughputExceededException which is thrown by Kinesis or DynamoDB if the amount of read/write throughput is exceeded.
• Actual HTTP REST services: All services in LocalStack allow actual HTTP connections on a TCP port. In contrast, moto uses boto client proxies that are injected into all methods annotated with @mock_sqs. These client proxies do not perform an actual REST call, but rather call a local mock service method that lives in the same process as the test code.
• Language agnostic: Although LocalStack is written in Python, it works well with arbitrary programming languages and environments, due to the fact that we are using the actual REST APIs via HTTP.
• Isolated processes: All services in LocalStack run in separate processes. The overhead of additional processes is negligible, and the entire stack can easily be executed on any developer machine and CI server. In moto, components are often hard-wired in RAM (e.g., when forwarding a message on an SNS topic to an SQS queue, the queue endpoint is looked up in a local hash map). In contrast, LocalStack services live in isolation (separate processes available via HTTP), which fosters true decoupling and more closely resembles the real cloud environment.
• Pluggable services: All services in LocalStack are easily pluggable (and replaceable), due to the fact that we are using isolated processes for each service. This allows us to keep the framework up-to-date and select best-of-breed mocks for each individual service (e.g., kinesalite is much more advanced than its moto counterpart).

Requirements

• make
• python (both Python 2.x and 3.x supported)
• pip (python package manager)
• npm (node.js package manager)
• java/javac (Java 8 runtime environment and compiler)
• mvn (Maven, the build system for Java)

Installing

The easiest way to install LocalStack is via pip:

pip install localstack

Once installed, run the infrastructure using the following command:

localstack start

Running in Docker

You can also spin up LocalStack in Docker:

localstack start --docker

Or using docker-compose (you need to clone the repository first):

docker-compose up

(Note that on MacOS you may have to run TMPDIR=/private$TMPDIR docker-compose up if $TMPDIR contains a symbolic link that cannot be mounted by Docker.)

Configurations

You can pass the following environment variables to LocalStack:

• SERVICES: Comma-separated list of service names and (optional) ports they should run on. If no port is specified, a default port is used. Service names basically correspond to the service names of the AWS CLI (kinesis, lambda, sqs, etc), although LocalStack only supports a subset of them. Example value: kinesis,lambda:4569,sqs:4570 to start Kinesis on the default port, Lambda on port 4569, and SQS on port 4570.
• DEFAULT_REGION: AWS region to use when talking to the API (defaults to us-east-1).
• HOSTNAME: If you need to expose your services on a specific host (defaults to localhost).
• USE_SSL: Whether to use [***] URLs with SSL encryption (defaults to false).
• KINESIS_ERROR_PROBABILITY: Decimal value between 0.0 (default) and 1.0 to randomly inject ProvisionedThroughputExceededException errors into Kinesis API responses.
• DYNAMODB_ERROR_PROBABILITY: Decimal value between 0.0 (default) and 1.0 to randomly inject ProvisionedThroughputExceededException errors into DynamoDB API responses.
• LAMBDA_EXECUTOR: Method to use for executing Lambda functions. Valid values are local (run the code in a temporary directory on the local machine) or docker (run code in a separate Docker container). In the latter case, if LocalStack itself is started inside Docker, then the docker command needs to be available inside the container (usually requires to run the container in privileged mode). Default is docker, fallback to local if Docker is not available.
• LAMBDA_REMOTE_DOCKER:
  • when set to false (default): your lambda functions definitions will be passed to the container by mounting the volume (potentially faster) It is mandatory to have the Docker client and the Docker host on the same machine
  • when set to true: your lambda functions definitions will be passed to the container by copying the zip file (potentially slower). It allows for remote execution, where the host and the client are not on the same machine
• DATA_DIR: Local directory for saving persistent data (currently only supported for these services: Kinesis, DynamoDB, Elasticsearch). Set it to /tmp/localstack/data to enable persistence (/tmp/localstack is mounted into the Docker container), leave blank to disable persistence (default).

Accessing the infrastructure via CLI or code

You can point your aws CLI to use the local infrastructure, for example:

aws --endpoint-url=http://localhost:4568 kinesis list-streams
{
    "StreamNames": []
}

If you are accessing the cloud APIs from within yout Python code, you can also use boto3 and use the endpoint_url parameter to connect to the respective service on localhost. See localstack.utils.aws.aws_stack for convenience methods to connect to the local services.

Integration with nosetests

If you want to use LocalStack in your integration tests (e.g., nosetests), simply fire up the infrastructure in your test setup method and then clean up everything in your teardown method:

from localstack.mock import infra

def setup():
    infra.start_infra(async=True)

def teardown():
    infra.stop_infra()

def my_app_test():
    # here goes your test logic

See the example test file tests/test_integration.py for more details.

Integration with Java/JUnit

In order to use LocalStack with Java, the project ships with a simple JUnit runner. Take a look at the example JUnit test in ext/java. When you run the test, all dependencies are automatically downloaded and installed to a temporary directory in your system.

@RunWith(LocalstackTestRunner.class)
public class MyCloudAppTest {

  @Test
  public void testLocalS3API() {
    AmazonS3 s3 = new AmazonS3Client(...);
    s3.setEndpoint(LocalstackTestRunner.getEndpointS3());
    List<Bucket> buckets = s3.listBuckets();
    ...
  }

}

The LocalStack JUnit test runner is published as a Maven artifact in the Bitbucket repository. Simply add the following configuration to your pom.xml file:

<project ...>
  ...
  <dependencies>
    ...
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.atlassian</groupId>
      <artifactId>localstack-utils</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>localstack-repo</id>
      <url>[***]</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

</project>

Troubleshooting

• If you're using AWS Java libraries with Kinesis, please, refer to CBOR protocol issues with the Java SDK guide how to disable CBOR protocol which is not supported by kinesalite.

• Accessing local S3 from Java: To avoid domain name resolution issues, you need to enable path style access on your client:

s3.setS3ClientOptions(S3ClientOptions.builder().setPathStyleAccess(true).build());
// There is also an option to do this if you're using any of the client builder classes:
AmazonS3ClientBuilder builder = AmazonS3ClientBuilder.standard();
builder.withPathStyleAccessEnabled(true);
...

• Mounting the temp. directory: Note that on MacOS you may have to run TMPDIR=/private$TMPDIR docker-compose up if $TMPDIR contains a symbolic link that cannot be mounted by Docker. (See details here: [***]

Developing

If you pull the repo in order to extend/modify LocalStack, run this command to install all the dependencies:

make install

This will install the required pip dependencies in a local Python virtualenv directory .venv (your global python packages will remain untouched), as well as some node modules in ./localstack/node_modules/. Depending on your system, some pip/npm modules may require additional native libs installed.

The Makefile contains a target to conveniently run the local infrastructure for development:

make infra

Testing

The project contains a set of unit and integration tests that can be kicked off via a make target:

make test

Web Dashboard

The projects also comes with a simple Web dashboard that allows to view the deployed AWS components and the relationship between them.

localstack web

Change Log

• v0.6.0: Load services as plugins; fix service default ports; fix SQS->SNS and MD5 of message attributes; fix Host header for S3
• v0.5.5: Enable SSL encryption for all service endpoints (USE_SSL config); create Docker base image; fix issue with DATA_DIR
• v0.5.4: Remove hardcoded /tmp/ for Windows-compat.; update CLI and docs; fix S3/SNS notifications; disable Elasticsearch compression
• v0.5.3: Add CloudFormation support for serverless / API Gateway deployments; fix installation via pypi; minor fix for Java (passing of environment variables)
• v0.5.0: Extend DynamoDB Streams API; fix keep-alive connection for S3; fix deadlock in nested Lambda executions; add integration SNS->Lambda; CloudFormation serverless example; replace dynalite with DynamoDBLocal; support Lambda execution in remote Docker container; fix CloudWatch metrics for Lambda invocation errors
• v0.4.3: Initial support for CloudWatch metrics (for Lambda functions); HTTP forwards for API Gateway; fix S3 message body signatures; download Lambda archive from S3 bucket; fix/extend ES tests
• v0.4.2: Initial support for Java Lambda functions; CloudFormation deployments; API Gateway tests
• v0.4.1: Python 3 compatibility; data persistence; add seq. numbers in Kinesis events; limit Elasticsearch memory
• v0.4.0: Execute Lambda functions in Docker containers; CORS headers for S3
• v0.3.11: Add Route53, SES, CloudFormation; DynamoDB fault injection; UI tweaks; refactor config
• v0.3.10: Add initial support for S3 bucket notifications; fix subprocess32 installation
• v0.3.9: Make services/ports configurable via $SERVICES; add tests for Firehose+S3
• v0.3.8: Fix Elasticsearch via local bind and proxy; refactoring; improve error logging
• v0.3.5: Fix lambda handler name; fix host name for S3 API; install web libs on pip install
• v0.3.4: Fix file permissions in build; fix and add UI to Docker image; add stub of ES API
• v0.3.3: Add version tags to Docker images
• v0.3.2: Add support for Redshift API; code refactoring
• v0.3.1: Add Dockerfile and push image to Docker Hub
• v0.3.0: Add simple integration for JUnit; improve process signal handling
• v0.2.11: Refactored the AWS assume role function
• v0.2.10: Added AWS assume role functionality.
• v0.2.9: Kinesis error response formatting
• v0.2.7: Throw Kinesis errors randomly
• v0.2.6: Decouple SNS/SQS: intercept SNS calls and forward to subscribed SQS queues
• v0.2.5: Return error response from Kinesis if flag is set
• v0.2.4: Allow Lambdas to use file (import from file instead of exec'ing)
• v0.2.3: Improve Kinesis/KCL auto-checkpointing (leases in DDB)
• v0.2.0: Speed up installation time by lazy loading libraries
• v0.1.19: Pass shard_id in records sent from KCL process
• v0.1.16: Minor restructuring and refactoring (create separate kinesis_util.py)
• v0.1.14: Fix AWS tokens when creating Elasticsearch client
• v0.1.11: Add startup/initialization notification for KCL process
• v0.1.10: Bump version of amazon_kclpy to 1.4.1
• v0.1.9: Add initial support for SQS/SNS
• v0.1.8: Fix installation of JARs in amazon_kclpy if localstack is installed transitively
• v0.1.7: Bump version of amazon_kclpy to 1.4.0
• v0.1.6: Add travis-ci and coveralls configuration
• v0.1.5: Refactor Elasticsearch utils; fix bug in method to delete all ES indexes
• v0.1.4: Enhance logging; extend java KCL credentials provider (support STS assumed roles)
• v0.1.2: Add configurable KCL log output
• v0.1.0: Initial release

Contributing

We welcome feedback, bug reports, and pull requests!

For pull requests, please stick to the following guidelines:

• Add tests for any new features and bug fixes. Ideally, each PR should increase the test coverage.
• Follow the existing code style (e.g., indents). A PEP8 code linting target is included in the Makefile.
• Put a reasonable amount of comments into the code.
• Separate unrelated changes into multiple pull requests.

Please note that we need to collect a signed Contributors License Agreement from each individual developer who contributes code to this repository. Please refer to the following links:

• [***]
• [***]

License

Copyright (c) 2016 Atlassian and others.

LocalStack is released under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (see LICENSE.txt).

We build on a number of third-party software tools, with the following licenses: